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Upper respiratory infection

MedGen UID:
12004
•Concept ID:
C0041912
•
Disease or Syndrome
Synonyms: Infections, Upper Respiratory; Infections, Upper Respiratory Tract; Respiratory Infection, Upper; Upper Respiratory Infections; Upper Respiratory Tract Infection; Upper Respiratory Tract Infections
SNOMED CT: URTI - Infection of the upper respiratory tract (54150009); Upper respiratory tract infection (54150009); URI - Upper respiratory infection (54150009); Upper respiratory infection (54150009)

Definition

An infectious process affecting the upper respiratory tract (nose, paranasal sinuses, pharynx, larynx, or trachea). Symptoms include congestion, sneezing, coughing, fever, and sore throat. [from NCI]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVUpper respiratory infection

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Zinc for prevention and treatment of the common cold.
Nault D, Machingo TA, Shipper AG, Antiporta DA, Hamel C, Nourouzpour S, Konstantinidis M, Phillips E, Lipski EA, Wieland LS
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2024 May 9;5(5):CD014914. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD014914.pub2. PMID: 38719213Free PMC Article
Pediatric asthma: Principles and treatment.
Devonshire AL, Kumar R
Allergy Asthma Proc 2019 Nov 1;40(6):389-392. doi: 10.2500/aap.2019.40.4254. PMID: 31690377Free PMC Article
Epidemiology, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention of Influenza Infection in Oncology Patients.
El Ramahi R, Freifeld A
J Oncol Pract 2019 Apr;15(4):177-184. doi: 10.1200/JOP.18.00567. PMID: 30970229

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Current Understanding of Nephrotic Syndrome in Children.
Mattoo TK, Sanjad S
Pediatr Clin North Am 2022 Dec;69(6):1079-1098. Epub 2022 Oct 29 doi: 10.1016/j.pcl.2022.08.002. PMID: 36880923
Predictors of Laryngospasm During 276,832 Episodes of Pediatric Procedural Sedation.
Cosgrove P, Krauss BS, Cravero JP, Fleegler EW
Ann Emerg Med 2022 Dec;80(6):485-496. Epub 2022 Jun 23 doi: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2022.05.002. PMID: 35752522
Pediatric asthma: Principles and treatment.
Devonshire AL, Kumar R
Allergy Asthma Proc 2019 Nov 1;40(6):389-392. doi: 10.2500/aap.2019.40.4254. PMID: 31690377Free PMC Article
Upper respiratory infections.
Grief SN
Prim Care 2013 Sep;40(3):757-70. Epub 2013 Jul 12 doi: 10.1016/j.pop.2013.06.004. PMID: 23958368Free PMC Article
Zinc: an essential micronutrient.
Saper RB, Rash R
Am Fam Physician 2009 May 1;79(9):768-72. PMID: 20141096Free PMC Article

Diagnosis

Current Understanding of Nephrotic Syndrome in Children.
Mattoo TK, Sanjad S
Pediatr Clin North Am 2022 Dec;69(6):1079-1098. Epub 2022 Oct 29 doi: 10.1016/j.pcl.2022.08.002. PMID: 36880923
Viral bronchiolitis.
Florin TA, Plint AC, Zorc JJ
Lancet 2017 Jan 14;389(10065):211-224. Epub 2016 Aug 20 doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30951-5. PMID: 27549684Free PMC Article
Mucopolysaccharidosis type I.
Wraith JE, Jones S
Pediatr Endocrinol Rev 2014 Sep;12 Suppl 1:102-6. PMID: 25345091
Upper respiratory infections.
Grief SN
Prim Care 2013 Sep;40(3):757-70. Epub 2013 Jul 12 doi: 10.1016/j.pop.2013.06.004. PMID: 23958368Free PMC Article
Pediatric sinusitis.
Tan R, Spector S
Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2007 Nov;7(6):421-6. doi: 10.1007/s11882-007-0064-5. PMID: 17986371

Therapy

Non-pharmacological remedies for post-viral acute cough.
Ciprandi G, Tosca MA
Monaldi Arch Chest Dis 2021 Aug 10;92(1) doi: 10.4081/monaldi.2021.1821. PMID: 34461702
Pediatric asthma: Principles and treatment.
Devonshire AL, Kumar R
Allergy Asthma Proc 2019 Nov 1;40(6):389-392. doi: 10.2500/aap.2019.40.4254. PMID: 31690377Free PMC Article
Viral bronchiolitis.
Florin TA, Plint AC, Zorc JJ
Lancet 2017 Jan 14;389(10065):211-224. Epub 2016 Aug 20 doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30951-5. PMID: 27549684Free PMC Article
Upper respiratory infections.
Grief SN
Prim Care 2013 Sep;40(3):757-70. Epub 2013 Jul 12 doi: 10.1016/j.pop.2013.06.004. PMID: 23958368Free PMC Article
Zinc: an essential micronutrient.
Saper RB, Rash R
Am Fam Physician 2009 May 1;79(9):768-72. PMID: 20141096Free PMC Article

Prognosis

Causal effects and immune cell mediators between prescription analgesic use and risk of infectious diseases: a Mendelian randomization study.
Jin Y, Yu X, Li J, Su M, Li X
Front Immunol 2023;14:1319127. Epub 2023 Dec 21 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1319127. PMID: 38193081Free PMC Article
Predictors of Laryngospasm During 276,832 Episodes of Pediatric Procedural Sedation.
Cosgrove P, Krauss BS, Cravero JP, Fleegler EW
Ann Emerg Med 2022 Dec;80(6):485-496. Epub 2022 Jun 23 doi: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2022.05.002. PMID: 35752522
Biomarkers in IgA nephropathy.
Hwang VJ, Ulu A, van Hoorebeke J, Weiss RH
Biomark Med 2014;8(10):1263-77. doi: 10.2217/bmm.14.92. PMID: 25525986
Post-tympanostomy otorrhea.
Gates GA, Avery C, Prihoda TJ, Holt GR
Laryngoscope 1986 Jun;96(6):630-4. doi: 10.1288/00005537-198606000-00008. PMID: 3713407
IgA nephropathy.
McCoy RC, Abramowsky CR, Tisher CC
Am J Pathol 1974 Jul;76(1):123-44. PMID: 4601708Free PMC Article

Clinical prediction guides

Causal effects and immune cell mediators between prescription analgesic use and risk of infectious diseases: a Mendelian randomization study.
Jin Y, Yu X, Li J, Su M, Li X
Front Immunol 2023;14:1319127. Epub 2023 Dec 21 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1319127. PMID: 38193081Free PMC Article
Laryngeal Sensory Symptoms in Spasmodic Dysphonia.
Vanderaa V, Vinney LA
J Voice 2023 Mar;37(2):302.e1-302.e12. Epub 2021 Jan 20 doi: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2020.12.047. PMID: 33485747
Predictors of Laryngospasm During 276,832 Episodes of Pediatric Procedural Sedation.
Cosgrove P, Krauss BS, Cravero JP, Fleegler EW
Ann Emerg Med 2022 Dec;80(6):485-496. Epub 2022 Jun 23 doi: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2022.05.002. PMID: 35752522
Effect of Filgotinib vs Placebo on Clinical Response in Patients With Moderate to Severe Rheumatoid Arthritis Refractory to Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drug Therapy: The FINCH 2 Randomized Clinical Trial.
Genovese MC, Kalunian K, Gottenberg JE, Mozaffarian N, Bartok B, Matzkies F, Gao J, Guo Y, Tasset C, Sundy JS, de Vlam K, Walker D, Takeuchi T
JAMA 2019 Jul 23;322(4):315-325. doi: 10.1001/jama.2019.9055. PMID: 31334793Free PMC Article
Biomarkers in IgA nephropathy.
Hwang VJ, Ulu A, van Hoorebeke J, Weiss RH
Biomark Med 2014;8(10):1263-77. doi: 10.2217/bmm.14.92. PMID: 25525986

Recent systematic reviews

Zinc for prevention and treatment of the common cold.
Nault D, Machingo TA, Shipper AG, Antiporta DA, Hamel C, Nourouzpour S, Konstantinidis M, Phillips E, Lipski EA, Wieland LS
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2024 May 9;5(5):CD014914. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD014914.pub2. PMID: 38719213Free PMC Article
Health Impacts of Wildfire Smoke on Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
Zhang Y, Tingting Y, Huang W, Yu P, Chen G, Xu R, Song J, Guo Y, Li S
Curr Environ Health Rep 2024 Mar;11(1):46-60. Epub 2023 Dec 1 doi: 10.1007/s40572-023-00420-9. PMID: 38038861
Effectiveness of handwashing with soap for preventing acute respiratory infections in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Ross I, Bick S, Ayieko P, Dreibelbis R, Wolf J, Freeman MC, Allen E, Brauer M, Cumming O
Lancet 2023 May 20;401(10389):1681-1690. Epub 2023 Apr 27 doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(23)00021-1. PMID: 37121242
The efficacy and safety of rifaximin for the irritable bowel syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Menees SB, Maneerattannaporn M, Kim HM, Chey WD
Am J Gastroenterol 2012 Jan;107(1):28-35; quiz 36. Epub 2011 Nov 1 doi: 10.1038/ajg.2011.355. PMID: 22045120
Antibiotics for acute asthma.
Graham V, Lasserson T, Rowe BH
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2001;(3):CD002741. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD002741. PMID: 11687022

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